Characterization of hydro geological behavior of the upper watershed of River Subarnarekha through Morphometric analysis using Remote Sensing and GIS approach

The investigation of geo hydrological features of drainage basin is necessary for planning and implementation of various watershed development programmes. The visual interpretation techniques coupled with morphometric analysis is used in the present study to evaluate the geomorphic process of upper watershed of river Subarnarekha in the state of Jharkhand, India. Various spatial information is extracted with the help of remote sensing and GIS techniques, which provided an understanding of precise scenario related to basin development. Morphometric analysis reveals that the upper watershed of River Subernarekha is of eighth order with dendritic drainage pattern. The study also concludes that the geomorphic development of drainage basin is highly affected by slope and elevation, whereas the development of stream segments is affected by rainfall pattern and infiltration. The mean bifurcation ratio of the basin is 5.62 that is an indicator of flash flooding during the heavy rain and storm. The DEM reveal that the lowest basin elevation is of 48 metre in the plains and highest of 1,043 mt in the plateau region. The ruggedness number of 0.78 indicates steep slope of the basin. The value of elongation ratio in the study area is found to be 0.64 indicating relatively moderate relief and elongated shape. Based on drainage frequency and density analysis, the basin has moderate to low surface run off and high infiltration capacity. The subsoil is permeable indicating good groundwater recharge rate. This study will help the policy makers for watershed prioritization and identification of ground water potential zones.